The world’s deepest lake is the Lake Baikal, which has a depth of 1,642 meters (5,387 feet). It is a rift lake in the south of the Russian region of Siberia. Its bottom is at 4,215 feet (1,285 meters) below the sea level. In terms of volume, Lake Baikal is also the world’s largest freshwater lake; it contains roughly 20% of the world’s unfrozen surface fresh water with 23,615.39 cubic kilometers (5,700 cubic miles). It contains more water than that of all the North American Great Lakes combined.
Location of the Lake Baikal
Lake Baikal facts
- Lake Baikal is home to more than 1,700 species of plants and animals, two-thirds of which can be found nowhere else in the world and was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996.
- A rift lake is a lake formed as a result of subsidence related to movement on faults within a rift zone, an area of extensional tectonics in the continental crust. They are often found within rift valleys and may be very deep. Rift lakes may be bounded by large steep cliffs along the fault margins.
- Lake Baikal is covered with ice every winter, typically between January and May. In some places, the ice can be more than 2 meters (6.56 feet) thick.
- The water of Lake Baikal is extraordinarily clean, transparent and saturated with oxygen. The high transparency is thanks to numerous aquatic organisms purifying the water and making it similar to distilled water.
- As mantioned above, Lake Baikal contains roughly 20% of the world’s unfrozen surface fresh water with 23,615.39 cubic kilometers (5,700 cubic miles). It contains more water than that of all the North American Great Lakes combined.
- At 25 million years old, this remarkable lake is also the oldest lake in the world.
- Lake Baikal is also known as the Galapagos of Russia, because its age and isolation produced a rich and unusual water wildlife That’s why the lake is so important for the evolutionary science. Occasionally, new species are discovered and it has been estimated that we know of only 70-80% of all the species inhabiting the lake.
- It is surrounded by mountain-taiga landscapes, which are also protected to preserve their natural state.
For a comparison, the deepest lake in the United States is Crater Lake, a volcanic crater in southern Oregon. It’s deepest measured depth is 594 meters (1,949 feet). It is the ninth deepest lake in the world.
In the edition below of Earth from Space, presented by Kelsea Brennan-Wessels from the ESA Web TV virtual studios, Sentinel-3A satellite takes us over southern Siberia and the world’s largest freshwater lake: Lake Baikal.
The deepest lakes in the world
Here are the list of the 30 deepest lakes in the world:
#. Name :: Country :: Region :: Depth (meters) :: Depth (feet)
1. Baikal :: Russia :: Siberia :: 1,642 :: 5,387
2. Tanganyika :: Tanzania, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, Zambia :: Central Africa :: 1,470 :: 4,823
3. Caspian Sea :: Iran, Russia, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan :: 1,025 :: 3,363
4. Vostok :: Antarctica :: ~1,000 :: ~3,300
5. O’Higgins-San Martín :: Chile, Argentina :: Aysén (Chile), Santa Cruz (Argentina) :: 836 :: 2,742
6. Malawi :: Mozambique, Tanzania, Malawi :: 706 :: 2,316
7. Issyk Kul :: Kyrgyzstan :: 668 :: 2,192
8. Great Slave :: Canada :: Northwest Territories :: 614 :: 2,015
9. Crater :: United States :: Oregon :: 594 :: 1,949
10. Matano :: Indonesia :: Sulawesi :: 590 :: 1,936
11. General Carrera-Buenos Aires :: Chile, Argentina :: 586 :: 1,923
12. Hornindalsvatnet :: Norway :: Sogn og Fjordane :: 514 :: 1,686
13. Quesnel :: Canada :: British Columbia :: 506 :: 1,660
14. Toba :: Indonesia :: Sumatra :: 505 :: 1,657
14. Sarez :: Tajikistan :: 505 :: 1,657
15. Tahoe :: United States :: California, Nevada :: 501 :: 1,645
16. Argentino :: Argentina :: Santa Cruz (Patagonia) :: 500 :: 1,640
17. Kivu :: Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda :: 480 :: 1,575
18. Grand :: Canada :: Newfoundland :: 475 :: 1,558
19. Mjøsa :: Norway :: Hedmark, Oppland and Akershus counties :: 468 :: 1,535
20. Salsvatn :: Norway :: Nord-Trøndelag county :: 464 :: 1,523
20. Nahuel Huapi :: Argentina :: Rio Negro, Patagonia :: 464 :: 1,523
21. Hauroko :: New Zealand :: Southland (South Island) :: 462 :: 1,516
22. Cochrane / Pueyrredón :: Chile, Argentina :: Aysén (Chile), Santa Cruz (Argentina) :: 460 :: 1,509
22. Tinnsjø :: Norway :: Telemark county :: 460 :: 1,509
23. Adams :: Canada :: British Columbia :: 457 :: 1,499
24. Chelan :: United States :: Washington (state) :: 453 :: 1,486
25. Van :: Turkey :: 451 :: 1,480
26. Poso :: Indonesia :: Sulawesi :: 450 :: 1,476
27. Fagnano :: Argentina, Chile :: Tierra del Fuego :: 449 :: 1,473
28. Great Bear :: Canada :: Northwest Territories :: 446 :: 1,463
29. Manapouri :: New Zealand :: Southland (South Island) :: 444 :: 1,457
30. Te Anau :: New Zealand :: Southland (South Island) :: 425 :: 1,390
Sources
- Lake Baikal on Wikipedia
- Rift lake on Wikipedia
- List of lakes by depth on Wikipedia
