The age of the Earth is approximately 4.54 billion years. For all these years, our planet has been a work in progress: water, wind, air pressure, minerals, heat, and even extraterrestrial forces like meteors and comets mold and shape our environment, and create all manner of strange formations. Some of them are really beautiful: we call them “Natural wonders”. Some natural wonders are really famous, for example
1. Sea Cave in Benagil Beach – Algarve, Portugal
Benagil is a small Portuguese village on the Atlantic Ocean in Lagoa Municipality and the Freguesia of Carvoeiro (Lagoa). Until
2. Giant’s Causeway, Northern Ireland
It is an area of about 40,000 interlocking basalt columns that interlock to form what looks like a walkway fit for a colossus, the result of an ancient volcanic eruption. The Giant’s Causeway is located in County Antrim on the northeast coast of Northern Ireland, about three miles (4.8 km) northeast of the town of Bushmills. It was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1986.
The stones, mostly hexagonal in shape (although there are also some with four, five, seven, or eight sides), formed 60 million years ago when underground lava flows cooled into formations as tall as 39 feet (11.9 meters) high and 18 inches (45.7 cm) in diameter. It was comparatively recently (about 15,000 years ago) that the soil around the seaside stones eroded and they became visible above ground.
According to legend, the columns are the remains of a causeway built by a giant. The story goes that the Irish giant Fionn mac Cumhaill (Finn MacCool), from the Fenian Cycle of Gaelic mythology, was challenged to a fight by the Scottish giant Benandonner. Fionn accepted the challenge and built the causeway across the North Channel so that the two giants could meet.
In one version of the story, Fionn defeats Benandonner. In another, Fionn hides from Benandonner when he realizes that his foe is much bigger than he. Fionn’s wife, Oonagh, disguises Fionn as a baby and tucks him in a cradle. When Benandonner sees the size of the ‘baby’, he reckons that its father, Fionn, must be a giant among giants. He flees back to Scotland in fright, destroying the causeway behind him so that Fionn could not follow. Across the sea, there are identical basalt columns (a part of the same ancient lava flow) at Fingal’s Cave on the Scottish isle of Staffa, and it is possible that the story was influenced by this.
The discovery of the Giant’s Causeway was announced to the wider world in 1693 by the presentation of a paper to the Royal Society from Sir Richard Bulkeley. The site first became popular with tourists during the nineteenth century, particularly after the opening of the Giant’s Causeway Tramway, and only after the National Trust took over its care in the 1960s were some of the vestiges of commercialism removed.
Visitors can walk over the basalt columns which are at the edge of the sea, a half-mile walk from the entrance to the site.
3. Stone Forest, China
The Stone Forest or Shilin is a notable set of limestone formations located in Shilin Yi Autonomous County, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China, approximately 120 km (75 mi) from the provincial capital Kunming.
Around 270 million years ago, the area, which spans nearly 200 square miles (500 km2 ), was underwater, and the seafloor was covered with limestone sediment. Gradually, the seabed rose and the water dried up. As rain and wind eroded the weaker rock, the stronger limestone spires began to take shape. Now they rise skyward, surrounded by leafy trees.
According to legend, the forest is the birthplace of Ashima, a beautiful girl of the Yi people. After falling in love she was forbidden to marry her chosen suitor and instead turned into a stone in the forest that still bears her name. Each year on the 24th day of the sixth lunar month, many Yi people celebrate the Torch Festival, which features folk dances and wrestling competitions.
4. Colca Canyon, Peru
Colca Canyon is a canyon of the Colca River in southern Peru, located about 100 miles (160 kilometers) northwest of Arequipa. With a depth of 13,650 ft (4,160 m), it is more than twice as deep as the Grand Canyon in the United States!
The canyon still retains inhabitants who maintain their pre-Inca stepped terraces, for the cultivation of food. There are many archaeological sites include the caves of Mollepunko above Callalli where rock art (said to be 6,000 years old) depicts the domestication of the alpaca; the mummy of
Cultural attractions include the Wititi festival in Chivay, named as “cultural heritage” of Peru. The Colca is also well known for crafts: goods knitted from baby alpaca fiber and a unique form of embroidery that adorns skirts (polleras), hats, vests, and other items of daily wear and use.
The canyon is home to the Andean Condor (Vultur gryphus), a species that has been the focus of worldwide conservation efforts. The condors can be seen at close range as they fly past the canyon walls, and are a popular attraction. Cruz del Condor is a popular tourist stop to view the condors.
At this point, the canyon floor is 3,960 feet (1,200 m) below the rim of the canyon. Other notable bird species present in the Colca include the Giant Colibri, the largest member of the hummingbird family, as well as the Andean Goose, Chilean Flamingo, and Mountain Caracara. Animals include vizcacha, a rabbit-sized relative of the chinchilla,
Related: 10 Strange Places on Earth
5. Puerto Princesa Subterranean River, Philippines
Puerto Princesa, officially the City of Puerto Princesa is a city located in the western provincial island of Palawan, Philippines. The Puerto Princesa Subterranean River is about 80 km (50 mi) north of the city center. The river also gives its name the National Park which surrounds it.
This 8.2 kilometer-long (5.1 miles) subterranean river flows through a spooky cave of stalactites and stalagmites, bats and spiders, before spilling into the South China Sea. It also supports the Palawan Moist Forest, considered to have the most diverse tree flora in Asia.
In 2010, a group of environmentalists and geologists discovered that the underground river has a second floor, which means that there are small waterfalls inside the cave. They also found a cave dome measuring 300 m (980 ft) above the underground river, rock formations, large bats, a deep water hole in the river, more river channels, another deep cave, as well as marine creatures, and more.
On November 11, 2011, Puerto Princesa Underground River was provisionally chosen as one of the New 7 Wonders of Nature. This selection was officially confirmed on January 28, 2012.
6. Marble Caves, Chile
Marble Caves are unusual geological formations, also known as “Marble Chapel” and “Marble Cathedral” located at the center of General Carrera Lake and representing a group of caverns, columns,
General Carrera Lake (Chilean side) or Lake Buenos Aires (Argentine side) is a lake located in Patagonia and shared by Argentina and Chile. Both names are internationally accepted.
7. The Eye of the Sahara, Mauritania
One of the most amazing natural wonders in the world, the Richat Structure, also known as the Eye of the Sahara and Guelb er Richat, is a prominent circular feature in the Sahara desert near Ouadane,
It was initially interpreted as an asteroid impact structure because of its high degree of circularity. But today, it is argued to be a highly symmetrical and deeply eroded geologic dome.
Related: 10 Recently Lost Natural Wonders
8. Maly Semyachik Volcano, Russia
Maly Semyachik is a stratovolcano located in the eastern part of the Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. It is a compound stratovolcano located in a 10-km-wide caldera within the 15×20 km mid-Pleistocene Stena-Soboliny caldera.
Three overlapping stratovolcanoes were constructed sequentially along a Northeast-Southwest line, with the youngest cone, Tseno-Semyachik, at the southwest end. A brilliant green-blue (mostly) crater lake fills the historically active Troitsky Crater, which formed during a large explosive eruption of Ceno-Semiachik about 400 years ago.
The lake periodically changes color. In 2006 it was bright turquoise. There’s also a photo from 2012, the lake was bright gray.
Minerals are believed to be responsible for the color of this hot, acidic lake. There are local hiking tours to this beautiful lake.
9. Chocolate Hills, Philippines
The Chocolate Hills are a geological formation in Bohol Province, Philippines. There are at least 1,260 hills but there may be as many as 1,776 hills spread over an area of more than 50 square kilometers (20 sq mi). These natural wonders are covered in green grass that turns brown (like chocolate) during the dry season, hence the name. They have been declared the country’s third National Geological Monument and proposed for inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
10. Pamukkale, Turkey
Pamukkale, literally meaning “cotton castle” in Turkish, is a natural site in Denizli Province in southwestern Turkey. Located in Turkey’s Inner Aegean region, in the River Menderes valley, which has a temperate climate for most of the year, Pamukkale contains hot springs and travertines, terraces of carbonate minerals left by the flowing water.
Pamukkale travertines are perhaps one of the most famous natural wonders in Turkey.
The water that flows from 17 subterranean hot springs into the pools has an extremely high concentration of calcium carbonate, which forms soft deposits when it hits the surface. Those viscous white deposits harden over time until the springs resemble a fountain made of chalk or, as indicated by the translation of Pamukkale, a “cotton castle” visible from more than 20 kilometers (12.5 miles) away.
Pamukkale’s terraces are made of travertine, a sedimentary rock deposited by water from the hot springs.
The ancient Greco-Roman and Byzantine city of Hierapolis was built on top of the white “castle” which is in total about 2,700 meters (8,860 ft) long, 600 m (1,970 ft) wide and 160 m (525 ft) high.
Pamukkale is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Sources
- Giant’s Causeway on Wikipedia
- Colca Canyon on Wikipedia
- Puerto Princesa on Wikipedia
- Richat Structure on Wikipedia
- Chocolate Hills on Wikipedia
- Pamukkale on Wikipedia
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